catar世界杯主题新概念三L27Not
课文讲解：
1. It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.
It is said that …据说，被动结构
They say that / People say that ……据说，主动结构
It is reported that …据报道
It is believed that …据信
It is estimated that …据估计
It must be admitted that …必须要承认的是….
It must be pointed out that …必须要指出的是….
It must be stressed that …必须要强调的是
It can be foreseen that …可以预见到的是
live by doing 靠某种职业为生
He lives by writing. 他靠写作为生。
He lives by sewing.他靠缝纫为生。
The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. 靠渔猎为生
live on sth. 靠某种食物或生活来源为生
He lives on meat and milk.
He lives on salary. 他靠工资为生。
He lives on his parents.
feed on sth. 动物以……为主食
Cows feed on hay. 奶牛以干草为生。
prey on sth. 肉食性动物以别的动物为食
Owls prey on mice. 猫头鹰以老鼠为生。
2. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom
and priests by selling spiritual comfort. 鉴于这种说法;
in (the) light of sth. 根据……；鉴于……
Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were(好像), to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts further questions, and so on.
He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.
I am afraid that you have to alter your __C_ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.
(A) indifferent (B) distressing
(C) optimistic (D) pessimistic
in (the) light of sth. 根据……；鉴于……
同义词：
according to sth. /in accordance with sth. /considering sth./taking into account sth.
In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers (live) by selling wisdom and priests (live) by selling spiritual comfort.
并列句中重复的谓语动词可省略
Mary was happy, but/ and/ while/ whereas Jane (was) miserable.
Mary was happy when Jane was miserable. 时间状语从句，was不能省略。
parallelism 排比
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
—Francis Bacon
Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实,讨论使人机敏,写作使人精确.
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure.
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada (death is) inevitable and in California (death is)optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression (can be) controlled, cataracts (can be) removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure.
3. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
Possible as it may be to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, …
Although she is beautiful, I still don’t like her.
=Beautiful as she is, I still don’t like her. 强调beautiful;
in terms of ... 以某种方式；从某个角度
In terms of money we’re rich, but not in terms of happiness.
Which sport has the most expenses _B_ training equipment, players’ personal equipment and uniforms?
(A) in place of (B) in terms of
(C) by means of (D) by way of
perform: do; carry out
4. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.
there are times when ... = sometimes有时
There are times when even the tiger sleeps.
老虎也有打盹的时候。
There are times when silence has the loudest voice.
there was a time when … = once曾经
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'.
there are rare instances when … 偶尔，在个别情况下
= occasionally
There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept.
造句：在个别情况下，爱国主义(patriotism)不再是一个空洞的口号(an empty slogan)。
There are rare instances when patriotism ceases to be an empty slogan.
... we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.
=... we might grudge the high fee we would pay a surgeon for offering us precisely this service.
She gave me $30 for my bike.
She bought my bike for $30.
for nothing 免费
Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing.
造句：有时候我们愿意给为我们服务的侍者小费(pay tips) 并称赞(pay compliments) 他们，但是在母亲为我们提供一样的服务的时候我们却吝惜感谢(give thanks to …) 之辞。
There are times when we would willingly pay tips and compliments to the waiters who serve us, yet we might grudge giving thanks to our mothers for offering us precisely this service.
5. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.
Such are the conditions of society that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.
In the same way in which/that…正如…..
造句：学校里的情况就是这样，优等生(A students) 受到尊敬(respect)，正如社会上成功者(achievers) 受人景仰(esteem) 一样。
The conditions of schools are such that A students are respected in the same way that achievers are esteemed in the society.
just as 正如
alike 一样的，正如
He was adored by rich and poor alike.
穷人和富人一样喜欢他。
six of one and half a dozen of the other。半斤八两
be equivalent to ...相当于
The volcanic eruption had an explosive power equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT.
火山爆发的威力相当于20000吨TNT。
bear a resemblance to ...与…..相似；
Tina bears a striking resemblance to her mother.
Tina和她妈妈很像。
Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life has not.
你们学校可能废除了成功者和失败者，但生活没有。
Do away with“废除”=abolish
In some schools they have abolished failing grades; they'll give you as many times as you want to get the right answer. This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to anything in real life.
这和现实生活没有一丁点相似。
6. Everyone has something to sell. 与第一句对应；
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.
文章结构：
topic sentence 主题句
supporting sentences 扩展句（论证和论据）
concluding sentence 总结句
7. Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.
=Tramps appear to be the only exception to this general rule.
=It seems that tramps are the only exception to this general rule.
=It appears that tramps are the only exception to this general rule.
Every rule has its exception.每个规律都存在例外情况。
with the exception of ...除了….之外
I like all kinds of films with the exception of horror films.
除了恐怖电影之外，我喜欢种种电影。
8. Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to arouse the pity of passers-by.
乞丐出卖了自己作为人的尊严来换取路人的同情
=Beggars sell their human dignity for the pity of passers-by.
The moment they reach out their hands they are beggars spiritually.
9. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.
in doing = in the process of doing 在做某事的过程中；
In trying to solve one problem, I created another.
在试图解决一个问题的过程中，我又产生了另一个问题。
on/ upon doing 刚一发生就…..
On being observed, it immediately ran away.
刚一被发现它立刻就跑掉了。
Upon arriving at the university, I went straight to the dormitory.
刚一到大学我直接就去宿舍了。
Seek 追求，寻求；
seek refuge/ asylum 寻求避难
seek compensation 寻求补偿
seek comfort 寻求安慰
seek reelection 寻求连任
Virgo woman seeks Scorpio man 处女座女生正在寻求一个天蝎座男生；
10. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.
feel sorry for …同情，怜悯;
Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.
feel sorry for …
=have/ feel sympathy for …
=sympathize with …
=take pity on …
11. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.
We only help those who really need help.
Lead a life,过一种生活；
Lead the life he leads, he leads作定语修饰前面的life;
be aware of …知道，明白，了解；
=be conscious of …
be unaware of …不知道
=be unconscious of …
=be ignorant of …本来应该知道却不知道，有贬义味道。
12. He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.
be free from ...没有….（没有某个不好的东西）；
He has been free from care since he retired.
The composition is free from errors. 作文中没有错误。
Organic produce is free from harmful chemicals.
有机产品没有有害化学物质。
free ... from ...使….没有…..
… but he frees himself from the thousands of anxieties …
他使自己没有那些数以千计的烦恼…
He dedicated his life to freeing the world from famine and disease.
他把自己的一生献给了使这个世界没有饥荒。
which distress other people.
=which torture/ rack/ torment other people.
=which other people suffer (from).
13. His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.
make it possible for sb. to do 使某人能做某事
= enable sb. to do
They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money. Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.
from place to place 各处，四处
=here and there/hither and thither
类似结构：
The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.
read sth. from cover to cover
sell sth. from door to door
vary from person to person
improve from day to day
from dawn to dusk
from head to foot从头到脚
from top to bottom
from start to finish 从头到尾
from cradle to grave 从生到死
A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生财，漂泊的人一生不聚财。
14. By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.
in the open (air): outdoors 在户外，在露天
He is taller than I am.
He is taller than I.
He is taller than me.
15. He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.
Occasionally 偶尔= once in a while/from time to time
in times of happiness/ grief/ rage/ crisis/ boredom/ war/ peace… 在….的时候；
16. We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?
That从句作say的宾语；
put … in the same class as … 把….归类
=classify … as …
… and classify them as beggars. 把他们归为乞丐；
rhetorical question 修辞疑问句
O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind?
‘Ode to the West Wind’
—P. B. Shelley
Who among us has not dreamed of that? 我们之中有谁没有梦想过那样的事？
What is the use of our studying grammar if we can't put the grammatical rules into practice?
